FUW TRENDS IN SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
(A Peer Review Journal)
e–ISSN: 2408–5162; p–ISSN: 2048–5170
keywords: E-waste, dumpsite, natural radioactivity, heavy metals.
In this study, detailed investigationof the elemental composition occurence and concentration of selected natural radioactive nuclides in soils from e-waste dumpsite of Alaba market, Lagos state, Nigeria was carried out. The study objective is to assess the impact of e-waste management on the elemental and radiation properties of the soil. Three major e-waste dumpsites within the study area were assessed using a combination of Gamma ray spectroscopy and energy dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence. The mean specific activity of the concentration values obatained for K-40, U-238 and Th-232 were 879 ± 5, 21 ± 2 and 59 ± 7 Bq/Kg, respectively. With the exception of U-238, these concentrations were higher than the world average values. Annual effective dose and external hazard index were used to assess potential hazards which may arise from the dumpsites soil. The mean concentration of K, Ca, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Ti, Ga, Sr and Se were 2882, 2418, 3, 332, 3259, 98, 91, 527, 59, 2399, 31, 196 and 64 mg/L, respectively. The concentration of Zn, As, Ni, and Cu were higher than the permissible limits in soil. The level of radiation dose is not likely to lead to any health hazard; nevertheless, the presence of heavy metals in the sites renders the soil unsuitable for agricultural purposes.
Ademola AK , Babalola IA, Folasade O, Onyiye AD & Enifome E 2014. Assessment of natural radioactivity and determination of heavy metals in soils around industrial dumpsites in Sango-Ota, Ogun-state, Nigeria. J. Med. Phy., 39(2) 106-111. Balakrishnan RB, Anand KP & Chiya AB 2007. Electrical and electronic waste: A global environmental problem. J. Waste Mgt. & Res., 25: 307-317. Bushehri FI 2010. UNEP’s role in promoting environmentally sound management of e-waste. In: 5th ITU Symposium on ‘‘ICTs; The Environment and Climate Change’Cairo, Egypt. Cheng S, Chan CW &Huang GH, (2003). An integrated multi-criteria decision analysis and inexact mixed integer linear programming approach for solid waste management. Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence 16, 543– 554. European Union. (2002). Heavy Metals in Wastes. European Commission on Environment Fasasi MK, Oyawale AA, Mokobia CE, Tchokossa P, Ajayi TR & Balogun FA 2003. Natural Radioactivity from Tar-sand deposits of Ondo state, Southwestern Nigeria. Nucl. Instr. & Meth. A, 505: 449-453. Frank J P 1999. Gardening on Lead and Arsenic Contaminated Soils. Co-operative Extension Washington State University, EB1884. Ha NN, Agusa T, Ramu K, Tu NP, Murata S, Bulbule KA, Parthasaraty P, Takahashi S, Subramanian A & Tanabe S 2009. Contamination by trace elements at e-waste recycling sites in Bangalore, India. Chemosphere, 76: 9–15. IAEA 1989. International Atomic Energy Agency. ‘Measurements of radionuclides in food and the environment’, A guidebook, Technical Report Series No. 295, IAEA, Vienna. International Commission of Radiological Protection (ICRP) 1991. Recommendations of International Commission on Radiation Protection ICRP Publication. Järup L 2003. Hazards of heavy metal contamination. British Med. Bull., 68: 167–182. Kiddee P, Naidu R & Wong MH (2013). Electronic waste management approaches: An overview. Waste Management 33: 1237–1250. Leung AOW, Chan JY, Xing G, Xu Y, Wu S, Wong CC, Leung CM & Wong M, 2010. Body burdens of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in childbearing-aged women at an intensive electronic-waste recycling site in China. Envirtal. Sci. & Pollu. Res., 17: 1300–1313. Ling W, Shen Q, Gao Y, Gu X & Yang Z 2007. Use of bentonite to control the release of copper from contaminated soils. Austr. J. Soil Res., 45(8): 618–623. Maslin P & Maier RM 2000. Rhamno lipid-enhanced mineralization of phenanthrene in organic-metal co-contaminated soils. Bioremediation J., 4(4): 295–308. McLaughlin MJ, Zarcinas BA, Stevens DP & Cook N 2000. Soil testing for heavy metals. Comm. Soil Sci. & Plant Analysis, 31(11–14): 1661–1700. McLaughlin MJ, Hamon RE, McLaren RG, Speir TW & Rogers SL 2000. Review: A bioavailability-based rationale for controlling metal and metalloid contamination of agricultural land in Australia and New Zealand. Austr. J. Soil Res., 38(6): 1037–1086. Obed RI, Farai IP & Jibiri NN 2005. Population dose distribution due to soil radioactivity concentration levels in 18 cities across Nigeria. J. Radiation Protection, 25: 305-312. Olukoya S 2010.. An e-waste Dump, Lagos Imperils People, IPS Publication. Onwughara NI, Nnorom IC, Kanno OC & Chukwuma RC 2010. Disposal methods and heavy metals released from certain electrical and electronic equipment wastes in Nigeria: Adoption of environmental sound recycling system. Int. J. Envirtal. Sci. & Dev., 1(4) 290-295. Osibanjo O (2010). Eko International E-Waste Summit. Technical Report Basel Convention Coordinating Centre for Training and Technology Transfer for the African Region (BCCC-Africa), University Of Ibadan, Nigeria. Puckett J & Smith T 2002. Exporting harm the high-tech trashing of Asia. In: Coalition, S.V.T. (Ed.). Robinson BH 2009. E-waste: an assessment of global production and environmental impacts. Sci. Total Envir., 408: 183–191. Tchokossa P, Olomo JB & Osibote OA 1999. Radioactivity in the community water supplies of Ife-Central and Ife-East Local government areas of Osun State, Nigeria. Nuclear Instru. and Methods in Phy. Res., A422: 784-789. UNSCEAR (1993). Sources and biological effects of ionizing radiation. Technical Report; New York, United Nation. Wong CSC, Duzgoren-Aydin NS, Aydin A & Wong MH 2007. Evidence of excessive releases of metals from primitive e-waste processing in Guiyu, China. Envirtal. Pollu., 148: 62–72. Wuana RA & Okieimen FE 2011. Heavy Metals in Contaminated Soils: A review of sources, chemistry, risks and best available strategies for remediation. Int Scholarly Res. Network ISRN Ecol., Vol. 2011: Article ID 402647, p. 20. Ylä-Mella J, Poikela K, Lehtinen U, Keiski RL & Pongrácz E 2014. Implementation of waste electrical and electronic equipment directive in Finland: Evaluation of the collection network andchallenges of the effective WEEE management. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 86: 38–46.
